APBench and benchmarking large language model performance in fundamental astrodynamics problems for space engineering.

Sci Rep · 2025 · PMC11885820 · PMID 40050637

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a clear trendno p-value reported

OpenAI models follow a clear trend of improvement, progressing from GPT-4 to o1-preview, with o1-preview leading the APBench, albeit by a narrow margin.

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