Assessing the restorative effects of campus greeness on student depression: a comparative study across three distinct university campus type in Macau.

BMC Public Health · 2025 · PMC11887352 · PMID 40050861

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.1000

closest p · 2.0× alpha

0.1000

boldest claim

The sentences

approached significancep < 0.10so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

However, in Model III, the mediation effect approached significance (B = 0.043, t = 1.330, p < 0.10), suggesting that in low-density, large campuses, convenience may play a more substantial role in mediating the relationship between depression and perceived restorative effects.

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marginally significantp < 0.10so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

In Model I, the mediation effect was not significant (B = 0.004, t = 0.888), while in Model II, the mediation effect was marginally significant (B = 0.012, t = 1.596, p < 0.10).

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highly significantno p-value reported

However, the strength of these relationships varied depending on the campus environment, with the strongest effects observed in low-density, large campuses (Model III). The direct path between SD and PR was highly significant in all three models.

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