Protective and risk factors in daily life associated with cognitive decline of older adults.

The difference in smoking years between genders was highly significant ( p < 0.0001).

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Dietary habits between the two groups showed weakly significant differences ( p < 0.1), with the cognitive decline group having a higher proportion of individuals consuming ‘vegetables only’ and ‘more vegetables than meat.’ In terms of physical exercise, the cognitive decline group had a higher proportion of individuals who ‘never exercise’ ( p < 0.01) and a longer average duration of physical exercise, although the latter was only weakly significant ( p < 0.1).

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