[HCO 3 − ] estimated with a satellite-based vegetation index can be regarded as the actual weathering intensity, which exhibits an increasing trend (+2.4%) on the global scale for the past nearly four decades (<1 % of uncertainty, 100% probability of positive NPP effect (coefficient = 0.96)).
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A greening Earth has reversed the trend of decreasing carbonate weathering under a warming climate.
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The P value of this test is applied to validate the credibility of the trends of [HCO 3 − ] (or WS atm-CO2 ) ( P < 0.01 presents a significant trend with low uncertainty).