Land Use and Ecosystem Service Value Spatiotemporal Dynamics, Topographic Gradient Effect and Their Driving Factors in Typical Alpine Ecosystems of the East Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Implications for Conservation and Development.

As the slope increases, ESV shows a decreasing trend, with the maximum value of 6.449 billion CNY at slope level I.

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From 1980 to 2020, the area of per unit area ESV grades showed a trend of expansion in high and extremely high grades, while other grades experienced a reduction.

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From 1980 to 2020, the ESV of all ecosystem service functions showed an increasing trend, particularly in hydrological regulation and water supply, which increased by 9.07% (0.562 billion CNY) and 8.81% (0.046 billion CNY), respectively.

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Over the period from 1980 to 2020, there was an overall trend of decreasing unused land, grassland, and cultivated land, coupled with an expansion of forest land, water areas, and urban areas.

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