Phosphorelay changes and plasticity underlie the life history evolution of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> sporulation and germination in serial batch culture.

All isolates other than rCRT1, rCOO1 and rAOO1 had significantly lower starting endospore density compared to the ancestor ( P ≤1.7×10 −3 ), and rCRT1 had near-significant (considering the Bonferroni correction) lower starting endospore density ( P =0.027). rCOO1, rBRO1, rAOO1 and rBRT1 had significantly faster germination from 0 to 6 h than the ancestor. rCOO1 germinated at 689% ( P =2.2×10 −6 ), rBRO1 at 665% ( P =5.1×10 −6 ), rAOO1 at 653% ( P =8.0×10 −6 ) and rBRT1 at 465% ( P =3.2×10 −3 ) the rate of the ancestor [−0.09 log 10 (c.f.u. ml −1 )/hour].

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