Depressive Symptoms are Associated with More Negative Global Metacognitive Biases in Combat Veterans, and Biases Covary with Symptom Changes over Time.

Depress Anxiety · 2023 · PMC11921826 · PMID 40224610

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hedged sentences

0.0700

closest p · 1.4× alpha

0.0700

boldest claim

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showed a trendp = 0.070so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

In contrast, veterans with PTSD only showed a trend toward a more negative metacognitive bias compared to those with neither disorder ( M = 0.03, SD = 1.21; t (290) = 1.82, p = 0.070). 4.4.

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failed to reach significanceno p-value reported

Changes in metacognitive bias in health showed a similar trend as cognition in their relationship with both changes in depressive and PTSD symptoms but failed to reach significance (see Table 3 ).

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