The hazards of chasing subgroups in neutral stroke trials.

Although the interaction term was significant, the effect of surgery in the superficial group did not quite reach statistical significance (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.47–1.01, p > 0.05).

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In STICH, the apparent beneficial effect of surgery in patients with a superficial haematoma was almost significant with p = 0.051 (Table 1 ).

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In this scenario, confirming the borderline significant finding requires a substantial increase in sample size relative to the size of the positive subgroup.

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they failed to reach statistical significance.

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This observation is important since the meta-analysis of the population of participants with superficial haematoma in STICH-1 and 2 is marginally significant (Fig. 3 ) and a larger follow-on trial might have given more robust and positive results.

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