Move your body, stay away from depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of exercise-based prevention of depression in middle-aged and older adults.

Front Public Health · 2025 · PMC11925714 · PMID 40124408

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

The effect of long-term exercise on depressive symptoms, while showing a mean difference of −5.50 (95% CI: −16.08, 5.08, p = 0.31), did not reach statistical significance, and exhibited extremely high heterogeneity ( I 2 = 96%).

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