The effect of hybrid ultrasound/fluoroscopy guidance vs only fluoroscopy guidance on procedure time and radiation exposure in caudal epidural steroid injections.

Interv Pain Med · 2025 · PMC11929079 · PMID 40124674

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Additionally, hybrid ultrasound/fluoroscopy guidance significantly reduced the time for needle entry into the sacral hiatus compared to fluoroscopy alone, although the reduction in the overall procedure time did not reach statistical significance.

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