Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Botulinum Toxin A Injection into the Bulbospongiosus Muscle for Treating Lifelong Premature Ejaculation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Am J Mens Health · 2025 · PMC11954517 · PMID 40152298

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0930

closest p · 1.9× alpha

0.4300

boldest claim

The sentences

marginally significantp = .093so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Furthermore, the bias coefficient showed a marginally significant result (Bias = 6.48, p = .093), suggesting a potential but non-definitive bias, as it did not reach the conventional significance threshold of 0.05.

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did not reach statistical significancep = .43not close (p > 0.1)

Again, as the 95% CI includes zero (−16.91 to 39.94), this result did not reach statistical significance ( p = .43).

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marginal significanceno p-value reported

In summary, while there may be some indication of potential publication bias, the evidence remains inconclusive due to the limited number of studies and the marginal significance of the statistical tests ( Table 2 and Figure 5b ).

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.