Association of health benefits and harms of Christmas dessert ingredients in recipes from The Great British Bake Off: umbrella review of umbrella reviews of meta-analyses of observational studies.

Box 1 Umbrella review evidence rating by strength of association Convincing Highly significant associations (P<10 −6 ) Cases of n >1000 I 2 <50% 95% prediction intervals excluding the null value Largest study nominally significant (P<0.05) No evidence of small study effects No evidence of excess significance bias Highly suggestive Highly significant associations (P<10 −6 ) Cases n >1000 Larg

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For associations without this information reported in the umbrella reviews, we recorded the information necessary to make the appropriate calculations and classifications: total number of cases, largest study reporting a nominally significant result (P<0.05), 95% prediction intervals, I 2 value, Egger regression asymmetry test, and evidence of excess significance.

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