Lactate orchestrates metabolic hemodynamic adaptations through a unique combination of venocontraction, artery relaxation, and positive inotropy.

Although human saphenous veins responded to L‐lactate, DL‐3‐hydroxybutyrate, and NaCl (Figure 5E ) with a contractile profile that resembled that of human internal thoracic veins (Figure 5C ), the responses of these large‐size saphenous veins showed greater variability, and the differences did not reach statistical significance (Figure 5F ). 2.6 L‐lactate increases contractility and coronary flow in isolated perfused hearts We evaluated the effects of L‐lactate on coronary flow rate and contractile function in isolated perfused rat hearts mounted in Langendorff systems with fixed pre‐ and afterload (Figure 6 ).

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