Shattering the Glass Scalpel: Analyzing Female Representation in Orthopedic Surgery Across the United States.

Cureus · 2025 · PMC11970538 · PMID 40190943

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0860

closest p · 1.7× alpha

0.0860

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep = 0.086so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Additionally, the South and West regions exhibited a moderate positive trend in female resident percentages, yet these trends did not reach statistical significance (τ = 0.8, p = 0.086; τ = 0.8, p = 0.086, respectively).

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a positive trendno p-value reported

Conversely, in the Midwest, although there was a positive trend in the number of female residents from PGY5 to PGY1, it exhibited the weakest relationship strength, supporting that this region may benefit from initiatives aimed at fostering gender diversity in orthopedic surgery.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.