An improved polar lights optimization algorithm for global optimization and engineering applications.

Sci Rep · 2025 · PMC11971330 · PMID 40185762

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

—

closest p

—

boldest claim

The sentences

a clear trendno p-value reported

Table 3 shows a clear trend: the IPLO algorithm has the lowest average ranking, demonstrating the best algorithmic performance, followed by CSSA, which indicates its strong global search ability and stability.

also in 19,460 other papers

Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.