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Novel digital markers of sleep dynamics: causal inference approach revealing age and gender phenotypes in obstructive sleep apnea.

Sci Rep · 2025 · PMC11978946 · PMID 40200042

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a clear trendno p-value reported
There is a clear trend of increasing age and % of males from healthy to more severe OSA, which is also associated with changes in sleep architecture, such as decreased sleep efficiency and reduced N3 and REM %.

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