L-Carnitine and Mildronate Demonstrate Divergent Protective Effects on Mitochondrial DNA Quality Control and Inflammation Following Traumatic Brain Injury.

Mice subjected to craniotomy and TBI showed a trend towards a decrease in the level of Bacteroidetes compared to the control, with reductions of 13.1% and 16.9%, respectively.

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Therefore, the potential for modulating mitochondrial biogenesis to increase mtDNA copy numbers may be significant not only in the acute recovery phase following TBI but also for the therapy of the long-term, including psychological, consequences of head trauma.

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