Live and heat-killed Leuconostoc mesenteroides counteract the gastrointestinal dysfunction in chronic kidney disease mice through intestinal environment modulation.

PLoS One · 2025 · PMC12005673 · PMID 39992980

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Although CKD.LLp showed a trend toward reversing the effects of CKD, it displayed a bacterial genera profile similar to the CKD group, indicating that it did not effectively restore the microbiota composition to normal levels ( Fig 3D ).

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