A retrospective study of insurance coverage status and economic cost of rare diseases in Hainan Province.

Sci Rep · 2025 · PMC12006289 · PMID 40247032

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0900

closest p · 1.8× alpha

0.0900

boldest claim

The sentences

a nonsignificant trendp = 0.09so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Conversely, no significant changes were noted in diagnostic costs, which exhibited a nonsignificant trend over time ( p = 0.09) despite the overall increase in total costs observed during the analysis.

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

Notably, there was a decreasing trend in insurance coverage over the 5-year period from 34.69% in 2019 to 30.60% in 2023, accompanied by a slight increase in out-of-pocket expenditures from 16.29% in 2019 to 17.32% in 2023.

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

The average drug expenditure showed an increasing trend, which increased from 128,122.62 CNY (US$ 17,532.31) in 2019 to 178,540.19 CNY (US$ 24,431.46) in 2023, as detailed in Supplementary File 2D.

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a clear trendno p-value reported

These shifts demonstrate a clear trend towards urban-oriented insurance schemes, with a corresponding decline in rural-focused programs, reflecting evolving healthcare policies and socioeconomic dynamics.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.