Dissecting Causal Relationships Between Gut Microbiota, 1400 Blood Metabolites, and Intervertebral Disc Degeneration.

Neurospine · 2025 · PMC12010864 · PMID 40211528

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nominally significantno p-value reported

Results were reported as beta (β) values with standard errors for continuous outcomes, and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for binary outcomes; p-values below 0.05 were considered nominally significant.

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