Cephalosporins also showed a decreasing trend (IRR = 0.87, p = 0.0520), similar to findings from Silva-Costa et al., where pediatric invasive pneumococcal disease cases initially declined before rebounding post-pandemic [ 39 ].
More specifically, for Escherichia coli , an increasing trend was observed between 2019 and 2023; for Staphylococcus aureus , an increase in 2023 as compared to both 2019 and 2021; for Pseudomonas aeruginosa , a dip during the pandemic, with the highest frequency before the pandemic; for Streptococcus pneumoniae , a descending trendline between 2023 and both
VRE IRR failed to reach statistical significance.