Integrating TNF-α with Established Tumor Markers to Enhance Prognostic Accuracy in Gastric Cancer: A Prospective Observational Study.

Biomedicines · 2025 · PMC12025002 · PMID 40299527

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0770

closest p · 1.5× alpha

0.0770

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep = 0.077so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

CEA levels were higher in the cancer group but did not reach statistical significance (2.5 [1.5–5.5] vs. 2.0 [1.3–2.9] ng/mL, p = 0.077).

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fell short of significanceno p-value reported

Although CA19-9 displayed a moderate, positive correlation (rho = 0.370, p = 0.1084) in controls, it fell short of significance, suggesting that the elevated association in the cancer group was primarily driven by malignancy-associated biology rather than baseline population variation.

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