Dietary targeting of TRPM8 rewires macrophage immunometabolism reducing colitis severity.

Additionally, luteolin significantly increased the early expression of Mrc1 and showed a trend toward increasing Arg1 at later timepoints (Supplementary Fig. 4 ), suggesting a shift in the polarization of pro-inflammatory macrophages toward a pro-resolving phenotype.

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When compared to untreated cells, luteolin (10 μM) significantly reduced IL-6 and IL-1β gene expression after 6–12 h, with a decreasing trend also observed in TNF-α gene levels (Fig. 3C ).

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