Lung function decline and incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in participants with spirometry-defined small airway dysfunction: a 15-year prospective cohort study in China.

Among participants who met the diagnostic criteria for airflow obstruction, there was a trend of faster annual decline rates in pre-bronchodilator FEV 1 of the predicted value and post-bronchodilator FEV 1 of the predicted value in participants with post-bronchodilator SAD compared to those without post-bronchodilator SAD, but the differences did not reach statistical significance due to the small sample size of post-bronchodilator COPD without SAD ( N = 34) (Supplemental Table S2).

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