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The effects of various nutritional supplements in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a network meta-analysis.

BMC Pulm Med · 2025 · PMC12060334 · PMID 40340688

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Indirect comparisons indicated that Nanocurcumin was superior to butyrate, fish oil, complex (Three or more ingredients or unspecified), Coenzyme Q10 combined with Creatine, AKL1 (a patented botanical formulation containing extracts of Picrorhiza kurroa , Ginkgo biloba , and Zingiber officinale ), oligomeric proanthocyanidin (OPC), VD, whey proteins ( p < 0.05); probiotics were superior to butyrate, coenzyme Q10 combined with creatine, complex, fish oil, OPC, whey proteins, and VD ( p < 0.05); Butyrate was superior to whey proteins and VD ( p < 0.05), and other comparisons did not reach statistical significance (Table S2 ).

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