Development and validation a nomogram to predict long-term mortality risks of PRISm and mild-to-moderate COPD based on NHANES 2007-2012.

Interestingly, this study found that compared to participants with Preserved Ratio Impaired Spirometry (PRISm), COPD patients at GOLD stage 1 had a reduced risk of death, whereas those at GOLD stage 2 showed an increased risk of death, though the associations did not reach statistical significance after adjusting for confounders.

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Our results also demonstrated that the risk of mortality in COPD significantly increased as the levels of ALP exceeded 80 U/L, and the association between GGT and death risk showed an increasing trend, particularly at higher levels of GGT.

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