Synergistic induction of PGE2 by oral pathogens and TNF promotes gingival fibroblast-driven stromal-immune cross-talk in periodontitis.

nucleatum , whereas application of a TLR4 blocking antibody had a modest effect on COX-2 expression which did not reach statistical significance ( Fig. 4B and C ). p38 MAPK activation drives synergistic induction of the COX-2-PGE2 axis by oral bacteria and inflammatory cytokines To identify the molecular mechanisms underlying synergistic COX-2 induction by oral bacteria and TNF, we analyzed the involvement of MAPK pathway components, many of which are known as important regulators of the COX-2-PGE2 axis.

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