Effects of Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) on Academic Performance and Educational Attainment.

Child Psychiatry Hum Dev · 2025 · PMC12095446 · PMID 37658240

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Furthermore, we found here that symptoms of ODD in adolescent females predicted educational attainment in adulthood that extended no further than the compulsory comprehensive school level, but this relation did not reach statistical significance in the males after adjustment for the educational attainments of the parents of the subjects, family type and psychiatric disorders other than ADHD or ODD.

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