Global burden and cross-country inequalities in gallbladder and biliary tract cancer (1990-2021) with projections to 2050: insights from the global burden of disease study 2021.

Front Med (Lausanne) · 2025 · PMC12104178 · PMID 40421298

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Among females, significant decreases in CI were observed for both DALYs and incidence from 1990 to 2021 (pval < 0.05), while in males, decreases were noted but did not reach statistical significance (pval > 0.05).

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

Over the 31-year period, a declining trend in the SII of the GBTC burden, encompassing both DALYs and incidence across genders, was observed in lower SDI quintiles, whereas higher quintiles exhibited an increasing trend ( Supplementary Table S5 ).

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