Implications of heart rate variability measured using wearable electrocardiogram devices in diagnosing Parkinson's disease and its association with neuroimaging biomarkers: a case-control study.

Among the time-domain measures, high HR max –HR min [odds ratio (OR), 0.579; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.405–0.828; p = 0.003], SDNN (OR, 0.725; 95% CI, 0.578–0.909; p = 0.005), STD (OR, 0.044; 95% CI, 0.004–0.559; p = 0.016), and RMSSD (OR, 0.858; 95% CI, 0.755–0.975; p = 0.019) were associated with a low risk of PD, independent of age and sex, whereas pNN50 showed a trend of negative association with the risk of PD (OR, 0.784; 95% CI, 0.614–1.001; p = 0.051).

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