Elevated Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor 1 Is Associated with Left and Right Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction.

Biomedicines · 2025 · PMC12108681 · PMID 40426915

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Patients with HFrEF had higher circulating MIF-1 levels (661.64, IQR 335.67–1575.26 pg/mL) compared to those with HFmrEF (393.06, IQR 301.11–740.09 pg/mL), but the difference did not reach statistical significance.

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