Association Between Creatinine and Lung Cancer Risk in Men Smokers: A Comparative Analysis with Antioxidant Biomarkers from the KCPS-II Cohort.

In the overall male population, a single SD increase in creatinine showed a trend toward a negative association, which approached statistical significance in the BMI-excluded model (HR: 0.882, 95% CI: 0.776–1.002, p -value = 0.0541) ( Table 2 , Figure 1 ).

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