The Impact of Nutrition and Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) on Inflammatory Responses in Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome: A Paired Case Study from Chiang Mai, Thailand.

Toxics · 2025 · PMC12115869 · PMID 40423404

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0590

closest p · 1.2× alpha

0.1400

boldest claim

The sentences

an increasing trendp = 0.059so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Although no significant differences in IL-6 levels between the HEP and LEP were observed in healthy individuals within our study, IL-6 levels in the MS group showed an increasing trend during the HEP ( p = 0.059), suggesting heightened inflammatory responses in metabolically compromised individuals.

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a decreasing trendp = 0.059so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Conversely, the IL-6 levels in the MS group exhibited a decreasing trend in the LEP compared to in the HEP (54.47 ± 24.75 pg/mL vs. 41.94 ± 20.54 pg/mL, p = 0.059).

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did not reach statistical significancep = 0.140not close (p > 0.1)

Regarding lifestyle behaviors, alcohol consumption was more frequent among healthy individuals (76.0%) than those with MS (52.0%), although this difference did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.140).

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a trend toward significanceno p-value reported

Vitamin E intake showed a negative correlation with IL-6 ( r = −0.235, p = 0.101), with a trend toward significance, and was significantly negatively correlated with CRP ( r = −0.291, p < 0.05).

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