Real-Time Monitoring of Cardiac Output Using Non-Invasive Impedance Cardiography in Dogs: A Pilot Study on Heartworm Extraction and Gastric Decompression.

Vet Sci · 2025 · PMC12115922 · PMID 40431571

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

Cardiac output (CO) exhibited an increasing trend, though without significance ( p > 0.05).

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

However, changes in cardiac output (CO) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) did not reach statistical significance.

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