ATP11B triggers the infiltration of T cells into GBM and intensifies anti-GBM immunity by upregulating and externalizing S1PR1.

Compared with the subcutaneous GBM model, the intracranial GBM model exhibited significant CD4 + T-cell lymphopenia and CD8 + T-cell lymphopenia (all P < 0.001), and the expression level of T-bet (a marker for Th1 cells) also decreased but did not reach statistical significance (Fig. 1 A and B).

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