A Study on the Effects of Different Self-Controlled Feedback Methods on the Learning of Table Tennis Serving Skills.

Eur J Sport Sci · 2025 · PMC12126149 · PMID 40448960

Europe PMC DOI

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may not be significantno p-value reported

As a result, although the overall learning performance differences in simple tasks may not be significant, KP feedback still aids learners in mastering technical essentials with greater precision.

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showed a trendno p-value reported

However, the self‐controlled (video + KP) feedback mode showed a trend of better performance in flat serve stroke learning compared to the self‐controlled (video) feedback mode, which again outperformed the self‐controlled (KP) feedback mode.

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highly significantno p-value reported

In complex tasks, performance differences were highly significant in both immediate and delayed tests, with video + KP showing superior results.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.