Can AI weather models predict out-of-distribution gray swan tropical cyclones?

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · 2025 · PMC12130898 · PMID 40392853

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a marked trendno p-value reported

While there is a marked trend of increases in wind speed as mslp decreases below 1,000 hPa in the tropics, in the extratropics, the relationship between mslp and wind speed is much less pronounced, such that it is not uncommon to have low wind speeds when the mslp is low.

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