Systematic review and meta-analysis of microbiota-gut-astrocyte axis perturbation in neurodegeneration, brain injury, and mood disorders.

Brain Behav Immun Health · 2025 · PMC12145769 · PMID 40485663

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

4 ) whereas psychological stress models of mood dysfunction numerically reduced GFAP expression but did not reach statistical significance (SMD -1.84 [−4.75-1.06], Fig. 4 ).

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