Inequalities and age-period-cohort effects of global and regional burden for interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis: based on Global Burden of Disease study 2021.

Front Med (Lausanne) · 2025 · PMC12146182 · PMID 40491763

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

However, it's worth noting that the period effects of the two diseases have shown an increasing trend over time in Figure 4C , except in Africa.

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a negative trendno p-value reported

Notably, in Africa, the risk ratios for these diseases exhibited a negative trend in period and cohort effects, highlighting the need for effective interventions.

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an overall trendno p-value reported

This was achieved through an overall trend analysis and multivariate decomposition epidemiological analysis using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database.

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