Innate Nectar Plant Attraction Is Primarily Visually-Guided but Olfactory-Stimulated in North American Monarch Butterflies.

Ecol Evol · 2025 · PMC12146583 · PMID 40491536

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hedged sentences

0.0001

closest p · 0.0× alpha

0.0929

boldest claim

The sentences

highly significantp = 5.92e‐05actually significant

Distance was found to be highly significant in this model ( p = 5.92e‐05; Table 2 ).

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approaching significancep = 0.0929so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Butterflies showed the lowest proportion of circling in the 3 m‐combination treatment (Figure 4c ), which was significantly lower than in the 1 m‐visual group ( p = 0.0178; Figure 4c ) and approaching significance compared to the 1 m‐combination group ( p = 0.0929). 3.2 Visual Cues Are Sufficient for Innate Plant Attraction, but Made Stronger With Olfactory Cues We tested a “visual‐only” stimulus by obscuring olfactory cues with a transparent box to cover the plant.

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