Association Between the Hemoglobin Glycation Index (HGI) and Risk of Diabetic Nephropathy: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes · 2025 · PMC12147926 · PMID 40491573

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hedged sentence

0.1150

closest p · 2.3× alpha

0.1150

boldest claim

The sentences

showed a trendP = 0.115not close (p > 0.1)

In fully adjusted models, the highest HGI quartile (Q4) demonstrated a significantly increased risk of DN (OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.03–2.30, P = 0.036), while the lowest HGI quartile (Q1) also showed a trend toward higher risk (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 0.92–2.14, P = 0.115).

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