ROS-responsive adaptive injectable hydrogel promoting inflammatory mastoid bone repair through efficient sterilization and regulating oxidative stress and macrophage phenotype.

After LPS stimulation, the macrophage supernatant co-cultured MSCs in the hydrogel groups showed a significant trend of ALP formation, among which the bone activity of the hydrogel containing TA@Ag NPs was the most significant ( Fig. 4 c, p < 0.01), and the early osteogenic activity of LPS + MФ+HA-DA/Alg-PBA/TA@Ag NPs hydrogel group was enhanced by 56.74 times compared with that of the LPS + MФ group.

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