Global, regional, and national burden of acute leukemia and its risk factors from 1990 to 2021 and predictions to 2040: findings from the global burden of disease study 2021.

Biomed Eng Online · 2025 · PMC12150532 · PMID 40495176

Europe PMC DOI

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

Over the past 32 years, the ASRs for AL, except for the ASPR for ALL, have shown a decreasing trend, with the ASDALR showing the greatest decrease.

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

The contributions of smoking and high BMI to DALYs showed opposite trends, i.e., smoking showed a decreasing trend and high BMI showed an increasing trend.

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showed a trendno p-value reported

When stratified by sex, the RR of incidence, mortality, and DALYs for females showed a trend of being higher than and then lower than those for males, while the RR of prevalence all appeared to be higher than those for males.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.