Impaired Overall Survival of Melanoma Patients Due to Antibiotic Use Prior to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The estimated coefficient for monotherapy (relative to combination therapy) was (0.3522 on the log-HR scale) equivalent to a 30% lower hazard (HR = e −0.3522 ≈ 0.70), but this did not reach statistical significance (95% CI −0.8060 to 0.1017; p = 0.1283; QM = 2.31), indicating that, despite its substantial explanatory power for heterogeneity, ICI regimen type alone did not fully account for effect-size differences.

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