Fermented Dairy Products as Precision Modulators of Gut Microbiota and Host Health: Mechanistic Insights, Clinical Evidence, and Future Directions.

A meta-analysis of six randomized controlled trials (n = 323) demonstrated that consuming kefir for 4–12 weeks significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (WMD = −10.28; 95% CI: −16.53 to −4.02; p = 0.001) and lowered serum insulin (WMD = −2.87; 95% CI: −3.96 to −1.78; p < 0.00001), although the decrease in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)—an important indicator for measuring blood sugar control—did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.08) [ 72 ].

also in 111,027 other papers