Morphometric Assessment of Occipital Condyles and Foramen Magnum Reveals Enhanced Sexual Dimorphism Detection via 3D Imaging: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Utilizing Classification and Regression Trees.

Diagnostics (Basel) · 2025 · PMC12155437 · PMID 40506930

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0566

closest p · 1.1× alpha

0.0767

boldest claim

The sentences

marginally non-significantp = 0.0566so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

A marginally non-significant small-study effect was also observed for the MD of the left OCW ( p = 0.0566).

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did not reach statistical significancep = 0.0767so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

The only comparison that did not reach statistical significance at the 0.05 level was the bilateral estimation of MD for OCW ( p = 0.0767), although it was significant at the 0.1 level.

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a slight trendno p-value reported

Overall, the results suggest a slight trend for a greater MD between males and females for the OCL and OCW in imaging studies compared to osteological studies.

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