Effects of Virtual Reality-Based Interventions on Pain Catastrophizing in People with Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

J Clin Med · 2025 · PMC12155961 · PMID 40507544

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0530

closest p · 1.1× alpha

0.0530

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep = 0.053so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Although the result did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.053), the consistency in effect size indicates a potential benefit that merits further exploration.

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

identified a decreasing trend in catastrophizing in both the VR and audio groups, with more pronounced effects in the VR group [ 41 ].

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