Impact of social factors and health campaigns on the burden of idiopathic epilepsy: an inequality, decomposition, generalized and synthetic difference-in-differences study.

By examining the SII curve fitted with the spline function, we found that the health inequality index of the DALY disease burden showed a clear trend of initially decreasing and then increasing from 1990 to 2021 ( Figure 4E ).

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showed a decreasing trend in the age-standardized YLD rate (ASYR) before the policy intervention, whereas the U.S. experienced little change in life expectancy and the Caribbean experienced a rapid increase in life expectancy before 2014.

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We observed an increasing trend in the U.S. idiopathic epilepsy ASDR (EAPC: 1.41, 95% CI: 0.92 to 1.90) ( Supplementary Figure S6 ).

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