highly significantp < 0.001
The ANOVA for NPM also showed a highly significant group effect (F (2,84) = 77.93, p < 0.001) ( Table 3 ).
The ANOVA for NPM also showed a highly significant group effect (F (2,84) = 77.93, p < 0.001) ( Table 3 ).
Tukey’s HSD post hoc comparison for NPM showed that the ATC group required significantly fewer pecking motions than the NGP group ( p < 0.001) and numerically fewer motions than the CTR group, although this difference did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.105).