Stand-Alone Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion at L3-L4 with 3D-Printed Porous Titanium Cages: A Safe and Effective Alternative in the Treatment of Degenerative Disc Disease (DDD).

Although mild reductions in these values were observed over time, they did not reach statistical significance while remaining above baseline at one year, suggesting that some implant settling or biological remodeling occurred without compromising global alignment or clinical results.

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